With the American Civil War's outbreak, neither the North nor the South had sufficient military forces to conduct a war. Both the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, at first, relied upon volunteers either to form or to bolster their respective militaries.
With the American Civil War's outbreak, neither the North nor the South had sufficient military forces to conduct a war. Both the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, at first, relied upon volunteers either to form or to bolster their respective militaries. Typically, individual states would recruit and send volunteers to their respective federal governments. Initially, many states relied on militia forces. Historically, every British colony in North America had established a militia. The militia usually consisted of adult, able-bodied men, who would rally to defend the colonies and, following the American Revolution, states during military crises. By the start of the American Civil War, unfortunately for both the Confederate States of America and the United States of America, most state militias were in a decline and unprepared for a major war.
In Ohio, Governor William Dennison hoped to supply the United States government with men and supplies from the Ohio militia. Ohio's militia system was virtually nonexistent by 1861. While militia forces played a vital role in Ohio's history from the American Revolution to the War of 1812, most major military threats to Ohio's security ended with the War of 1812. Following this conflict, the federal government quickly removed most Native Americans further west, and in the decades immediately following the war, no European or other major power attacked the United States. Facing no serious internal or external threats, most states, including Ohio, allowed their militia organizations to weaken. Most militia groups became mere social organizations and did not actively practice or study military maneuvers or tactics.
Dennison quickly discovered that Ohio's militia system could not play an active role in the American Civil War. Following the Battle of Fort Sumter and President Abraham Lincoln’s call for seventy-five thousand volunteers to return the seceded states to the Union in April 1861, Ohio's governor sent Jacob Cox, a state politician, and George McClellan, a former United States Army officer and current businessman, to Ohio's arsenal to assess the availability of weapons and supplies. Cox and McClellan found three or four crates of smoothbore muskets, a number of inoperable six-pound cannons, and some mildewed horse harnesses. Upon learning of the dire condition of the state's military supplies, Dennison still encouraged Ohioans to reestablish militia units to defend the state from Southern attack and to assist the federal government in reuniting the nation.
Ohioans quickly responded to the governor's and the federal government's call for troops. Among Ohio's earliest regiments was the 13th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This organization enrolled between April 20, 1861 and April 27, 1861. The regiment was formally mustered into the United States military at Camp Jackson in Columbus, Ohio from April 24, 1861 to May 4, 1861. Officials soon requested that the soldiers reenlist for three years of service. Most soldiers agreed to extend their service, and those men who did not reenlist were mustered out of service upon the end of their three-months term between August 14, 1861 and August 25, 1861.
13th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry (Three Months Service):
Roster of Officers:
|
Name |
Age |
Rank |
Date of Entering Service |
Term of Service |
|
A. Saunders Piatt |
40 |
Colonel |
April 30, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Columbus B. Mason |
28 |
Lieutenant Colonel |
April 30, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Joseph S. Hawkins |
33 |
Major |
April 30, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Samuel D. Turney |
33 |
Surgeon |
May 2, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Reason A. Henderson |
24 |
Adjutant |
April 30, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Alexander H. Staunton |
23 |
Quartermaster Sergeant |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
W.H. Connell |
23 |
Hospital Steward |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Joseph R. Watson |
25 |
Drum Major |
April 24, 1861 |
Three months |
|
John A. Corwin |
41 |
Captain |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Samuel W. Ashmead |
25 |
Captain |
April 16, 1861 |
Three months |
|
F.S. Parker |
33 |
Captain |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Donn Piatt |
40 |
Captain |
April 24, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Benjamin P. Runkle |
24 |
Captain |
April 17, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Albert F. Beach |
30 |
Captain |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
William Schneider |
40 |
Captain |
April 20, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Jeremiah Slocum |
26 |
Captain |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
John Castell |
42 |
Captain |
April 27, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James McGarr |
25 |
Captain |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Daniel G. Coleman |
25 |
First Lieutenant |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Nelson Lutz |
22 |
First Lieutenant |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Isaac R. Gardner |
33 |
First Lieutenant |
April 16, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Thomas R. Roberts |
21 |
First Lieutenant |
April 24, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Elhanan M. Mast |
29 |
First Lieutenant |
April 17, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Dwight Jarvis, Jr. |
25 |
First Lieutenant |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Maecenas C. Lawrence |
29 |
First Lieutenant |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Nicholas Reiter |
25 |
First Lieutenant |
April 20, 1861 |
Three months |
|
John Conwell |
23 |
First Lieutenant |
April 27, 1861 |
Three months |
|
William R. Wallace |
28 |
First Lieutenant |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Joseph T. Snider |
22 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Miles A. Saunders |
28 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 27, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Louis Krob |
32 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 20, 1861 |
Three months |
|
David S. Hartshorn |
25 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Philip Wendling |
30 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Jeptha H. Powell |
24 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 17, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James O. Stanage |
25 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 24, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James E. Doney |
36 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Israel C. Robinson |
26 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 16, 1861 |
Three months |
|
William W. Jackson |
25 |
Second Lieutenant |
April 23, 1861 |
Three months |
;
