With the American Civil War's outbreak, neither the North nor the South had sufficient military forces to conduct a war. Both the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, at first, relied upon volunteers either to form or to bolster their respective militaries.
With the American Civil War's outbreak, neither the North nor the South had sufficient military forces to conduct a war. Both the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, at first, relied upon volunteers either to form or to bolster their respective militaries. Typically, individual states would recruit and send volunteers to their respective federal governments. Initially, many states relied on militia forces. Historically, every British colony in North America had established a militia. The militia usually consisted of adult, able-bodied men, who would rally to defend the colonies and, following the American Revolution, states during military crises. By the start of the American Civil War, unfortunately for both the Confederate States of America and the United States of America, most state militias were in a decline and unprepared for a major war.
In Ohio, Governor William Dennison hoped to supply the United States government with men and supplies from the Ohio militia. Ohio's militia system was virtually nonexistent by 1861. While militia forces played a vital role in Ohio's history from the American Revolution to the War of 1812, most major military threats to Ohio's security ended with the War of 1812. Following this conflict, the federal government quickly removed most Native Americans further west, and in the decades immediately following the war, no European or other major power attacked the United States. Facing no serious internal or external threats, most states, including Ohio, allowed their militia organizations to weaken. Most militia groups became mere social organizations and did not actively practice or study military maneuvers or tactics.
Dennison quickly discovered that Ohio's militia system could not play an active role in the American Civil War. Following the Battle of Fort Sumter and President Abraham Lincoln’s call for seventy-five thousand volunteers to return the seceded states to the Union in April 1861, Ohio's governor sent Jacob Cox, a state politician, and George McClellan, a former United States Army officer and current businessman, to Ohio's arsenal to assess the availability of weapons and supplies. Cox and McClellan found three or four crates of smoothbore muskets, a number of inoperable six-pound cannons, and some mildewed horse harnesses. Upon learning of the dire condition of the state's military supplies, Dennison still encouraged Ohioans to reestablish militia units to defend the state from Southern attack and to assist the federal government in reuniting the nation.
Ohioans quickly responded to the governor's and the federal government's call for troops. Among Ohio's earliest regiments was the 3rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This organization was formed on April 21, 1861, at Camp Jackson in Columbus, Ohio. The 3rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry's members enlisted for three months of military duty. By April 30, 1861, officials had sent the entire regiment to Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, Ohio, where the soldiers spent the month of May training. On June 20, 1861, the 3rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry was formally mustered into the United States military, with a term of service of three years. Those men who refused to serve three years were mustered out of the regiment on August 22, 1861, after three months of service.
3rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry (Three Months Service):
Roster of Officers:
|
Name |
Rank |
Age |
Date of Entering Service |
Term of Service |
|
Isaac H. Marrow |
Colonel |
40 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
John Beatty |
Lieutenant Colonel |
32 |
April 18, 1861 |
Three months |
|
J. Warren Keifer |
Major |
26 |
April 27, 1861 |
Three months |
|
R.R. McMeens |
Surgeon |
30 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
H.H. Seys |
Assistant Surgeon |
29 |
May 2, 1861 |
Three months |
|
W.H. Sage |
Adjutant |
24 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Nicholas Jeroloman |
Sergeant Major |
24 |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
L.H. Huett |
Quartermaster Sergeant |
29 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Thomas A. Nevett |
Drum Major |
19 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
H.H. Welch |
Fife Major |
April 28, 1861 |
Three months |
|
|
Isaac H. Marrow |
Captain |
40 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Orris A. Lawson |
Captain |
33 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James H. Wing |
Captain |
24 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Joseph M. Dana |
Captain |
39 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James C. Vananda |
Captain |
35 |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Ephraim P. Abbott |
Captain |
27 |
April 24, 1861 |
Three months |
|
William C. Rossman |
Captain |
25 |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Owen T. Turney |
Captain |
24 |
April 18, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Leonidas McDougal |
Captain |
38 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
David C. Rose |
Captain |
26 |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Henry Cope |
Captain |
63 |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Asa H. Batton |
First Lieutenant |
34 |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
John McNeal |
First Lieutenant |
21 |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Leroy S. Bell |
First Lieutenant |
30 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James Marra |
First Lieutenant |
20 |
April 18, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Jerome B. Ebert |
First Lieutenant |
26 |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
George Egan |
First Lieutenant |
29 |
April 24, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Elitha D. House |
First Lieutenant |
24 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Wilber H. Sage |
First Lieutenant |
24 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Nelson H. Vanvorhes |
First Lieutenant |
38 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Joel E. Thompson |
First Lieutenant |
47 |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
William A. Swayze |
Second Lieutenant |
31 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
John R. Johnson |
Second Lieutenant |
27 |
April 24, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James S. Wilson |
Second Lieutenant |
26 |
April 22, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Edward McGill |
Second Lieutenant |
21 |
April 18, 1861 |
Three months |
|
Francis P. Dale |
Second Lieutenant |
22 |
April 19, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James St. John |
Second Lieutenant |
21 |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
|
James T. Smith |
Second Lieutenant |
31 |
April 25, 1861 |
Three months |
;
